Imagine a healing practice so profound, it has been cherished for thousands of years, offering relief and rejuvenation. A practice rooted in ancient wisdom, yet increasingly recognized for its holistic benefits in our modern world. This is Hijama, or wet cupping therapy. It stands as a remarkable bridge between time-honored traditions and contemporary wellness, providing a comprehensive approach to health that addresses the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit.

In this report, the remarkable benefits of Hijama will be explored, delving into its deep significance in Islamic tradition as practiced and recommended by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Furthermore, a clear understanding of how it works will be provided, along with practical guidance on what to expect during and after a session.

Hijama: A Sunnah and a Timeless Healing Tradition

Hijama, derived from the Arabic word “hijama” meaning “sucking” or “returning to a normal state” ¹, is a specific form of cupping therapy known as wet cupping.² The general practice of cupping involves applying cups to specific areas of the skin to create a vacuum, which gently pulls the skin and underlying tissues upwards.¹ This initial suction phase is often referred to as “dry cupping”.¹ In wet cupping (Hijama), after the initial suction, the cups are briefly removed. Small, shallow, superficial incisions are then made on the skin, and the cups are reapplied to draw out a small amount of blood, along with what is believed to be toxic acids and excess fluids.¹ This method is distinct from dry cupping, which only involves suction, and fire cupping, which uses a flame to create the vacuum.²

The Prophetic Legacy: Its Profound Significance in Islam

Hijama holds immense importance in Islam, often referred to as a “forgotten Sunnah” (a practice or teaching of Prophet Muhammad PBUH) that Muslims are encouraged to revive.¹ Its first reported usages are found in the Islamic Hadith, which are documented sayings and actions attributed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).² Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself highly recommended and actively practiced Hijama.² He declared it “the best of medicines” alongside the Quran, stating, “Hijama cupping is the most helpful procedure for human beings to cure themselves” (Al Bukhari #5357).¹

The divine endorsement of Hijama is highlighted by the Hadith stating that Angels instructed Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to establish Hijama during “Al-Isra Wal Miraj” (the Night Journey & Ascension).¹ This signifies a deep spiritual mandate for the practice, suggesting its benefits extend beyond the physical realm. The Prophet (PBUH) also emphasized its practical advantages, stating, “The best treatment is hijama cupping; it removes blood, lightens the back and sharpens the eyesight” (At-Tirmidhi, 3053).¹ This integration of spiritual belief and historical practice forms a foundational layer for Hijama’s acceptance and perceived efficacy within the Muslim world. For many, its benefits are not solely physical but also spiritual, as it involves fulfilling a “Sunnah,” aligning with the holistic nature of Islamic medicine which addresses mind, body, and soul.¹ The consistent emphasis on reviving this “forgotten Sunnah” also underscores a cultural and historical imperative to re-establish this valuable knowledge.

Traditional Sunnah points for Hijama are often located on the upper back, targeting major foundations for optimal health such as the heart, lungs, brain, and spine. It is believed to cleanse and unblock major arteries and veins.¹ The profession of a Hijama therapist is highly praised, with the Prophet (PBUH) stating, “If there is anything good in the medicines with which you treat yourselves, it is in the incision of the hijama therapist, or a drink of honey…” (Muslim #2205).¹ This further highlights the blessed nature of the practice within Islamic tradition.

Unveiling the Benefits: How Hijama Supports Your Well-being

Hijama is a versatile therapy, offering a wide array of benefits for both physical and mental well-being, acting as both a preventative and curative measure.¹ The wide range of claimed benefits, from specific physical ailments to broad mental and emotional states, suggests a systemic, rather than merely localized, effect, reinforcing the concept of Hijama as a holistic rebalancing agent. The diverse benefits indicate that the initial localized action of cupping triggers a cascade of effects throughout the entire body, promoting overall systemic balance and well-being.

Physical Revitalization

Hijama offers substantial advantages for physical health:

• Pain Relief & Muscle Tension: Hijama is highly effective for chronic pain relief, including conditions like back pain, neck and shoulder stiffness, arthritis pain, and even migraine headaches.³ It works by reducing inflammation and promoting muscle relaxation.³ Scientific reviews indicate “promising evidence” for its effectiveness in musculoskeletal pain, specifically chronic neck pain, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and brachialgia.⁵
• Improved Blood Circulation: The suction created by cupping stimulates blood flow, delivering essential oxygen and vital nutrients to targeted areas. This enhanced circulation aids in repairing damaged tissues, reducing swelling, and accelerating recovery.³
• Supports Detoxification: Hijama assists the body in eliminating toxins by drawing impurities, stimulating lymphatic drainage, and improving liver and kidney function.³ Wet cupping, in particular, is known for its detoxification properties as it removes stagnant blood ³ and helps purify blood by changing its composition from acidic to alkaline or neutral.⁷
• Boosts Immune System: It is believed to activate and modulate the immune response, making it beneficial for individuals prone to frequent colds, infections, or those with autoimmune conditions, by removing toxins and improving white blood cell activity.³
• Enhanced Skin Health: By increasing blood circulation, cupping therapy can aid in treating various skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and cellulite. It also promotes collagen production, aids in scar reduction, and enhances skin elasticity and glow.³
• Aids in Digestion & Gut Health: For those with digestive issues like bloating, constipation, or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), cupping therapy can stimulate digestive organs, reduce gut inflammation, and improve metabolism.³
• Speeds Up Athletic Recovery: Athletes frequently use cupping therapy to recover from intense training sessions. It helps by reducing muscle soreness, enhancing flexibility and movement, and preventing injuries.³
• Oral and Dental Health: A controlled trial study demonstrated that Hijama enhanced salivary function, inducing a significant increase in saliva volume and pH, which was maintained for 7 days after the intervention.¹⁰

Mental & Emotional Harmony

Beyond physical benefits, Hijama contributes significantly to mental and emotional well-being:

• Hijama is described as very relaxing and effective in dispelling anxiety and depression.¹
• Stress Reduction: It promotes relaxation by releasing muscle tightness and stimulating the nervous system, which helps in lowering cortisol (the stress hormone) levels.³
• Improved Sleep Quality: Individuals struggling with anxiety or depression often experience difficulty falling asleep due to racing thoughts or restlessness. Cupping can help calm these feelings and relax both the mind and body, leading to more peaceful sleep.⁴
• Mental Clarity & Focus: The therapy contributes to improved mental clarity and focus.³ Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also noted that Hijama “increases the intellect and improves the memory” (Saheeh Sunan ibn Maajah, 3488).¹

The Holistic Connection

Islamic medicine is inherently holistic, addressing healing on the levels of mind, body, and soul.¹ Hijama is seen to alleviate not just physical symptoms, but also mental, emotional, spiritual, and even metaphysical issues, such as removing black magic.¹ This comprehensive approach underscores its role in fostering overall well-being.

Table 1: Key Benefits of Hijama at a Glance

The Science Behind the Suction: How Hijama Works

While Hijama is an ancient practice, modern research is increasingly shedding light on the physiological mechanisms that contribute to its observed effects.⁵ It is important to note that while studies show positive outcomes, more investigation is needed to fully understand all its complex mechanisms.⁵ The scientific explanations, though complex and still evolving, provide a rational and physiological basis for Hijama’s wide-ranging benefits, moving it beyond mere anecdotal claims. The connection between the localized action of cupping and its systemic effects demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the body’s interconnectedness.

Localized Stimulation & Enhanced Blood Flow

The suction created by the cups gently pulls the skin and underlying tissues upwards, causing capillaries (tiny blood vessels) to dilate and sometimes even rupture. This process leads to a significant increase in localized blood flow to the treated area.³ This is precisely why temporary red or purple marks, often referred to as “sha” (not bruises), appear after a session; they are indications of this increased circulation and the release of stagnation.³ This influx of fresh, oxygenated blood brings vital oxygen and nutrients to the affected area, promoting healing, reducing inflammation, and aiding in tissue repair.⁴

Detoxification & Lymphatic System Activation

Wet cupping specifically helps remove stagnant blood, metabolic waste products, and accumulated irritants from the body.¹ It actively stimulates the lymphatic system, which is the body’s crucial network for clearing waste and toxins from tissues and plays a key role in immune function.³ Some scientific theories suggest that Hijama helps purify blood by influencing its composition, potentially shifting it from an acidic to an alkaline or neutral state.⁷ It may also aid in extracting “nitrate toxicosis” by affecting the metabolism of nitrates.⁷

Immune System Modulation

Hijama is believed to activate and modulate the immune system.⁵ The localized “artificial inflammation” created by the cupping process can stimulate the complementary immune system, leading to an increase in immune products like interferon and TNF (Tumor Necrotizing Factor).⁷ It may also have an effect on the thymus and control the flow of lymph, further supporting overall immune function.⁷

Neurological & Pain Relief Mechanisms

The therapy stimulates nerve endings, leading to the release of various neurotransmitters and hormones such as serotonin, dopamine, and endorphins (the body’s natural pain relievers).⁷ It is thought to influence “pain gates” in the Central Nervous System (CNS), potentially overwhelming them with increasing impulse frequency, ultimately leading to the closure of these gates and a reduction in pain perception.⁵ This mechanism helps explain its documented effectiveness in chronic pain conditions.⁵ Cupping also helps to relax tense muscles, which directly contributes to pain relief and a sense of relaxation.⁴

Hematological Effects

Wet cupping may play a role in regulating the body’s coagulation and anti-coagulation systems, for instance, by decreasing fibrinogen levels.⁷ It can lead to a decrease in Hematocrit (HCT), which may result in an increase in the flow of blood and improved oxygenation to various organs.⁷ These various proposed mechanisms demonstrate how the localized action of Hijama can trigger systemic physiological responses, contributing to its diverse therapeutic effects.

Preparing for Your Hijama Journey

Proper preparation is paramount to ensuring a safe, comfortable, and effective Hijama session. Patient responsibility and informed consent are critical components of safe and effective Hijama therapy, as the patient’s adherence to preparation protocols significantly impacts the safety and outcome. This empowers the individual by providing clear, actionable steps to ensure their own well-being during the Hijama process.

Before Your Session

• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water in the day leading up to the treatment is crucial. Optimal hydration supports skin health and significantly helps the lymphatic system effectively clear waste products that are stimulated by cupping.¹²
• Dietary Timing: It is generally recommended to fast for 3 hours before a Hijama treatment. However, it is important not to extend this fasting from the day before. A small amount of water is permitted if thirst is present.¹³ Being well-fed but not overly full ensures comfort and prevents distraction by hunger during the session.¹²
• Personal Hygiene: Taking a shower and wearing fresh, loose-fitting clothes before the treatment helps minimize the risk of any infections.⁸
• Skin Preparation: If the areas to be cupped have hair, it is advisable for them to be hair-free or at least shaved down to a very short level (e.g., level 1 for men). If shaving, this should be done at least 4 hours before the session to allow any skin irritation to subside and prevent blood seepage.¹² Additionally, avoiding sunburn or aggressive exfoliation on the treatment area is recommended, as this can make the session uncomfortable and potentially painful.¹²
• Medical Disclosure: An open and thorough discussion about one’s full medical history with the practitioner is essential. This includes any underlying health conditions, all medications currently being taken (especially blood thinners like aspirin or warfarin), and any known sensitivities.¹³ Blood-thinning medications are a significant contraindication for wet cupping, as they can prolong the clotting time of the small incisions, substantially increasing the risk of infection. If on such medication, a doctor’s clearance letter confirming safety to proceed is absolutely required.¹³ This highlights that the patient’s actions directly influence the safety and efficacy of the treatment, particularly regarding serious potential risks if not properly managed.

Nurturing Your Body Post-Hijama

After a Hijama session, the body embarks on a process of healing and rejuvenation. Following proper aftercare guidelines can significantly enhance the benefits experienced and ensure a smooth, comfortable recovery. Adherence to aftercare protocols is not merely a suggestion but an integral part of preventing complications and maximizing the therapeutic outcome of Hijama. This implies that the therapeutic benefits initiated during the session are sustained and optimized through careful post-treatment management, reinforcing the idea that Hijama is a process that requires the patient’s active participation beyond the session itself.

Immediately After (First 4-6 Hours)

• Rest: It is perfectly normal to feel slightly worn out, tired, or even a little feverish for about 24 hours after treatment, as the lymphatic system begins to process and remove cellular waste. Prioritizing rest is crucial to allow the body to repair and heal itself effectively.¹²
• Hydration: Continuing to drink plenty of water throughout the day is important. This aids the body in flushing out toxins and supports the lymphatic system, which has been stimulated by the cupping therapy.⁸
• Avoid Showering & Strenuous Activity: Showering should be avoided for at least 4 hours after the treatment. Additionally, refraining from any strenuous activity that will cause sweating is important. This allows the small incisions to heal completely and significantly reduces the risk of infection.¹³
• Dietary Considerations: On the day of the Hijama treatment, it is advisable to avoid red meat. Instead, opting for lighter, easily digestible foods such as chicken, fish, fruits, and vegetables is recommended.¹³ Furthermore, for 4-6 hours post-treatment, avoiding caffeine, alcohol, sugar, and dairy is suggested, as these can potentially hinder the body’s healing process.¹²
• Temperature Extremes: Exposure to extreme temperatures should be avoided immediately after the session.¹²

Ongoing Skin Care

The small scratches made during wet cupping are typically very light and close up quickly by themselves, so there is usually no need to apply a wound dressing.¹⁵ The redness from the cups being applied should start to fade within 48 hours, while the small scratches generally take around 14 days to heal completely in most clients.¹⁵ The day after the treatment, gently applying black seed oil, olive oil, or a general moisturizer can encourage skin healing and keep the skin supple.¹³ It is important not to rub or scratch the areas that were cupped.¹³ These detailed aftercare instructions underscore the body’s heightened state of processing and healing post-treatment, directly addressing the need to minimize infection risk and support the body’s detoxification and repair mechanisms.

Table 2: Hijama: Before & After Care Checklist

Addressing Common Questions & Concerns

It is natural to have questions about an ancient therapy like Hijama, especially given its unique appearance and practice. Addressing common misconceptions and concerns provides clarity and peace of mind. Proactive debunking of common myths and clear communication of safety parameters are essential for building trust and encouraging responsible, informed engagement with Hijama therapy. This approach positions the information as reliable and trustworthy, empowering readers to make informed decisions.

Is Hijama Painful?

Many people express apprehension about pain, but the therapy itself is generally not painful.⁹ Patients often describe the sensation as a gentle pulling or suction, which many find quite relaxing.⁹ For wet cupping, the blades used for the superficial incisions are very fine, and a significant majority (90%) of patients report feeling no pain whatsoever when the scratches are made. Some individuals, depending on their pain threshold, may experience a sensation resembling a faint paper cut or a ticklish feeling.¹⁵ Many patients report feeling relaxed or even invigorated during and immediately after the cupping treatment.¹⁶

What About the Marks Left by Cupping? Are They Bruises?

The circular red or purple marks that appear after a cupping session are frequently mistaken for bruises, but they are not.³ These marks, often referred to as “sha,” are a natural and expected result of increased blood circulation to the treated area. They indicate the release of toxins and stagnation from the tissues.³ They are not painful and typically fade within a few days to a week.³ The intensity and color of the marks can vary depending on the individual’s condition, skin type, and the amount of suction applied.¹¹ Staying well-hydrated and gently applying moisturizers can help reduce their intensity and promote faster fading.¹⁴ The clear distinction between “sha” marks and bruises is crucial for managing patient expectations and reducing anxiety.

Is Hijama Safe?

Yes, Hijama is generally considered safe when performed correctly by trained and certified professionals.⁸

Crucial Safety Measures:

• Professional Expertise: Always prioritizing practitioners with the necessary training, certifications, and experience is paramount.¹¹ While DIY kits are available, improper use can lead to adverse effects such as skin damage or infection.¹¹
• Strict Hygiene: Adherence to strict hygiene protocols is paramount. This includes using sterilized cups and ensuring proper disposal of all clinical waste and sharps to prevent infections.⁸
• Avoid Over-Suction: Gentle suction is sufficient for effective results. Applying too much pressure or leaving cups on for excessively long periods (typically 5-15 minutes is recommended) can potentially cause tissue damage.³

Potential Side Effects (Usually Minor & Temporary):

• Common: Bruising, redness, and mild soreness at the cupping sites, which typically subside within a few days.⁸
• Less Common: Some individuals may experience skin irritation, blisters, or burns, especially with fire cupping.⁸
• Rare: Dizziness, nausea, or lightheadedness can occur during or after the session.⁸
• Infections: A theoretical risk exists if proper hygiene is not maintained.⁸

If any severe pain, persistent dizziness, or prolonged skin discoloration occurs, it is advisable to discontinue the therapy and seek immediate medical advice.⁸

Who Should Avoid Hijama or Consult a Doctor First?

Certain conditions or circumstances necessitate caution or avoidance of Hijama:

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Pregnant women: Hijama, particularly wet cupping, carries an increased risk of miscarriage or inducing premature labor. It is strongly recommended that pregnant women avoid it until at least three months after they have given birth.⁸
  • Individuals with bleeding disorders or those on blood-thinning medications: (e.g., aspirin, warfarin). These conditions significantly increase the risk of prolonged bleeding and infection from the small incisions. Doctor’s clearance is absolutely required.⁸
  • Those with severe skin conditions: Such as open wounds, inflamed skin, or active infections in the area to be treated.⁸
  • People with clotting disorders:.¹⁴
• Consultation Advised: Individuals with sensitive skin, blood-borne diseases, hemophilia, or diabetes should always consult a healthcare professional before undergoing Hijama. It is helpful to bring medical notes and current medications to the consultation.⁸ It is also advised to avoid cupping immediately after heavy meals or intense exercise to prevent discomfort.⁸

Is Hijama only for Athletes or the Unwell?

No, this is a common misconception.⁹ While athletes frequently use it for muscle recovery and performance enhancement, Hijama offers benefits for a wide range of individuals. Its versatility makes it a valuable treatment option for those dealing with chronic pain, respiratory conditions, digestive disorders, and even mental health concerns like anxiety and stress.⁹ Healthy individuals can also benefit from Hijama as a preventative measure and for general wellness, typically recommended once or twice a year, preferably in the hotter months.¹⁵

Is Hijama a “Cure-All”?

No, while Hijama offers numerous health benefits, it is not a “cure-all” for all illnesses.¹¹ It should be viewed as a complementary therapy that can enhance other treatments and support overall well-being. Hijama is most effective when integrated into a comprehensive health plan, which may include other forms of traditional and holistic medicine, lifestyle changes, and conventional medical treatments.¹¹

How Often Should I Get Hijama?

The frequency of Hijama treatments depends on individual needs, the specific health condition being addressed, age, and how well the body responds to the therapy.⁸ For general wellness and preventative maintenance, performing Hijama once or twice a year is suggested.¹⁵ For more serious medical conditions, it may be performed more frequently, always under the guidance of a professional practitioner.¹ In Islamic tradition, it is often recommended to perform Hijama on the 17th, 19th, or 21st day of the Islamic lunar month, with specific days of the week (Thursday, Monday, or Tuesday) being preferred. However, if one is unwell and requires immediate treatment, Hijama can be performed on any day at any time.¹

Table 3: Hijama Myths vs. Realities

Hijama, or wet cupping therapy, stands as a powerful testament to ancient healing wisdom, deeply rooted in the practices and recommendations of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It offers a holistic pathway to well-being, addressing a wide spectrum of physical ailments like pain and inflammation, boosting circulation and immunity, and fostering mental and emotional harmony by reducing stress and anxiety. Its enduring efficacy and profound spiritual significance continue to resonate with countless individuals across the globe. It represents a valuable bridge between traditional practices and contemporary wellness, with emerging scientific understanding increasingly shedding light on its physiological mechanisms.

If the potential of Hijama for one’s health journey is intriguing, further exploration is encouraged. Always seeking a qualified, certified practitioner who adheres to strict hygiene standards is paramount to ensure a safe, effective, and beneficial experience. Embracing this timeless healing art can unlock its potential for a personal journey towards balance and vitality.